Homogeneous Bipolar Exchange Membranes

- Homogeneous two-layer structure integrates a cation exchange layer and anion exchange layer for reliable bipolar .
- devised for electrodialysis experiments, enabling efficient water dissociation and transport in lab-scale systems.
- Consistent ionic conductivity and low electrical resistance support stable operation across repeated test cycles.
- Chemical-resistant polymeric material withstands acidic, alkaline, and saline environments without delamination.
- Easy to cut and mount into standard electrodialysis cells, suitable for research on desalination and acid/base recovery.